自然伽玛曲线上的“海侵针”及其地质意义

自然伽玛曲线上的尖锥状～针状特高异常—“海侵针”,常可指示海侵作用与海相层的存在:“阵发式”海退与“振荡式”海退则是含煤岩系形成过程中两类常见的利于聚煤的海退类型.     

Internal interactions within the human circadian system: the masking effect

Summary In the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. This effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep-wake sleep cycle — i.e. one of the masking factors — run with different periods.Every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by a rapid rise in deep body temperature, each one with an overshoot of about 50% of the steady state variations. When rhythms are calculated, with the dominant temperature period as the screening period, exclusively from data obtained during sleep episodes, on the one hand, and from those obtained exclusively during wake, on the other, two average cycles emerge: the sleep temperature curve and the wake temperature curve. Both run in parallel but are separated by the masking effcct. As derived from many experiments, the mean masking effect amounts to 0.28±0.06°C. The masking effect also depends to some extent on the phase of the temperature rhtthm; it is larger than average around the temperature maximum and during the descending phase of the temperature cycle, where the alertness commonly is highest and the probability to sleep, in general, and the REM sleep propensity, in particular, are smaller than average. This also can be interpreted to indicate that the sleep temperature curve is phase advanced relative to the wake temperature curve; this, on the average, by 0.9±0.3 h.If the individually determined amount of masking is added to the temperature data obtained during sleep, or substracted from the temperature data obtained during wake, a temperature curve emerges that can be though of as being purified of the masking effect. Analyses of this artificial curve allow estimation of that part of the internal interactions uninfluenced by the masking effect. On the average, about half of the amount of interaction between the rhythm of sleep-wake and that of deep body temperature is explained by the masking effect, whereas the other half is oscillatory interaction. Both types of interaction are inherent and inseparable parts of the circadian clock mechanism, as can be deduced from model considerations.     

基于路面亮度曲线的公路隧道敞开式遮阳棚设计

公路隧道出入口常设置两侧敞开式遮阳棚以改善隧道接近段的亮度过渡和通风问题。本文基于不同太阳辐射角度和强度下的遮阳棚内路面亮度曲线的分析,研究了遮阳棚的侧向敞开高度、敞开位置以及顶棚玻璃透光率等设计参数对棚内路面亮度曲线的影响。结果表明：侧向敞开高度对遮阳棚内路面亮度曲线的影响最为显著,敞开高度越小,遮阳棚内平均路面亮度越小;当敞开高度一定时,通过调节敞开位置和改变顶棚玻璃透光率可进一步优化路面亮度曲线,使其更接近人眼视觉适应曲线。基于合理的参数化设计,本文对三种减光方式的敞开式遮阳棚进行了工程实例分析,这可为改进类似敞开式遮阳棚的减光设计提供指导。     

考虑应力集中的吊车梁多轴疲劳寿命预测

钢结构吊车梁在工业建筑中被广泛应用,应力集中的存在导致几何不连续位置在复杂应力下服役.借助有限元法分析吊车梁应力-应变状态,确定危险点位置,并提取应力、应变分量;以应变能密度作为损伤参量并以最大平面为临界面,基于能量准则建立临界面位置数值计算方法,结合有限元结果给出吊车梁临界面位置;考虑吊车梁在非对称载荷下服役,借助Goodman方程进行平均应力修正,并结合Q355D钢近似S-N曲线计算疲劳寿命.该方法考虑了应力集中处多轴应力对疲劳损伤的影响,可以为复杂应力下几何不连续钢构件的疲劳寿命评估提供新方法.     

扩展裂纹缺陷评定方法的优化研究

裂纹扩展的缺陷评定方法,越益受到了人们的重视,美国ＥＰＲＩ提出的“裂纹 推力图”方法,虽然准确合理,但方法偏于繁复,尚难于向工程界推广。清华大学力学 研究所曾先后提出几种评定方法,以期使评定过程得以简化。在此基础上,文章提出 “相容应力增量”法作为优化方法,它将使全部评定过程大为简化,从而为扩展裂纹的 缺陷评定方法向工程界推广创造便利条件。     

光伏模组积灰与阴影特性分析及识别方法

针对光伏模组积灰与阴影特性识别问题,详细分析了积灰和阴影的光伏特性曲线差异,揭示了阴影光伏曲线的拐点时变特性。提出由特性曲线的拐点数量及电流电压特性条件共同构成训练模型的输入特征量,基于CatBoost算法训练积灰和阴影识别模型。最后,利用光伏模组实测数据对CatBoost算法、ID3和GA-BP算法训练出的识别模型进行性能分析和对比测试,结果表明基于CatBoost训练出的识别模型输入量区分性强、诊断精度高,极具工程应用价值。     

一般生长曲线模型中共同均值参数的线性估计的泛容许性

本文对于一般生长曲线模型中共同均值的线性估计的可容许性。     

关于人造天体运动轨迹确定的一种方法

作者在该文中,从万有引力定律出发,根据有心力的特点,再采用切坐标法很方便地推导出在地球万有引力作用下,人天体运动的轨道必是圆锥曲线,并指出由发射时初始条件能方便地进一步确定其轨迹的形状。     

一种磁滞可调110/220 V自动切换系统

开发了１１０／２２０Ｖ电网自动切换系统,采用设置延迟时间和磁滞回线的方法,有效地防止了启动时误动作,避免在切换点附近频繁切换动作,讨论了延迟时间及磁滞回线回路的计算方法。     

双自由基NH与O3反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头算方法,研究了单重态双自由基ＮＨ与Ｏ３反应的机理．在ＨＦ６－３１Ｇ（ｄ）水平上用梯度解析技术全参数优化上述反应的反应物、中间体、过滤态和产物构型,ＭＰ２６－３１Ｇ（ｄ）方法计算能量,给出了有关化合物的结构数据．结果表明：双自由基ＮＨ与Ｏ３反应分两步进行：第一步直接生成富能中间体ＨＮＯ３,该步反应为强放热反应,放出的热量为３５２９２ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１（ＭＰ２６－３１Ｇ（ｄ）∥ＨＦ６－３１Ｇ（ｄ））;第二步中间体经过渡态ＴＳ裂解生成ＨＮＯ和Ｏ２,放出的热量为１４８６５ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１（ＭＰ２６－３１Ｇ（ｄ）∥ＨＦ６－３１Ｇ（ｄ）．总反应放出的热量为５０１．５７ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１（ＭＰ２６－３１Ｇ（ｄ）∥ＨＦ６－３１Ｇ（ｄ））．通过内禀反应坐标（ＩＲＣ）计算,获得了沿反应途径的势能剖面